Lincoln the Great Emancipator - 2289 Words

Until it was abolished in 1865, slavery thrived in the United States since the nation’s beginnings in the colony of Jamestown in 1607. In 1776, the founding fathers stated that â€Å"all men are created equal† when they declared independence and started a war that freed the 13 colonies from the oppressive rule of Great Britain. However, after â€Å"the land of the free† had been established, slavery had yet to be eliminated. After the war of 1812, sectionalism began to grow prevalent in America. The Industrial Revolution in the early to mid-1800s advanced the country technologically while further dividing it as the North became industrialized and the South became more agrarian and reliant on slave labor. Sectionalism was increased by westward†¦show more content†¦This became important later in the war when other nations refused to recognize the Confederacy’s independence. When the time was right, Abraham Lincoln masterfully changed the ideology of the war to focus on slavery, and he used the slaves themselves as a powerful force in the war and on the home front. Lincoln did this through the First and Second Confiscation Acts, the Emancipation Proclamation, and his Second Inaugural Address. Early in the war, three slaves escaped to the Union Army, raising the question of what to do with fugitive slaves. Under the Fugitive Slave Act, they had to be returned to their owners in the Confederacy. However, Lincoln adopted an ingenious policy of taking slaves as â€Å"contraband of war,† treating them as property as the Confederacy did. Lincoln went on to sign the First Confiscation Act in August 1861, which emancipated slaves that escaped to Union lines. In July 1862, Lincoln signed the Second Confiscation Act, which essentially gave him the authority to emancipate the slaves in Confederate territory (on the grounds that they helped the war effort and were contraband). This legislation helped the Union Army greatly. Over 190 ,000 soldiers, sailors, and workers came to the Union Army from the Confederacy (McPherson, 193), and at the end of the war, African Americans made up 20 percent ofShow MoreRelatedThe Great Emancipator : Abraham Lincoln894 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Emancipator Abraham Lincoln became the president of the United States of America in March of 1861. While he led the country through one of the worst wars in the history of America, he is most known for abolishing slavery through the Emancipation Proclamation, thus giving him the nickname of â€Å"The Great Emancipator.† There are a great amount of debates on whether Lincoln was worthy of this title, one reason being that the Emancipation Declaration was limited and did not abolish slavery,Read MoreAbraham Lincoln And The Great Emancipator2143 Words   |  9 Pages Abraham Lincoln, â€Å" The Great Emancipator,† was the president of the United States from March 1861 to April 1865- when he was assassinated. Lincoln is known world-wide for the Emancipation Proclamation, which accomplished the freeing of the slaves, or so the they taught at the school. What schools don’t teach is that the Emancipation Proclamation had many restraints within it. Slaves were only to be freed in â€Å"rebellious states†: Southern states,(Graham);slavery remained untouched in the statesRead MoreAbraham Lincoln : The Great Emancipator1590 Words   |  7 PagesSarmiento 6 Abraham Lincoln: The Great Emancipator During Abraham Lincoln’s presidency, the United States was divided into North and South, who were at war with one another. Recognizing the nation needed a determined leader to guide them into prosperity, Lincoln devised his plan for success. Lincoln’s attempts to preserve the North, while uniting them with the South seemed to be failing as the war continued throughout his first term. Once Lincoln got reelected in 1864, he set out to succeed inRead MoreThe Great Emancipator By President Abraham Lincoln947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Emancipator While in office, President Abraham Lincoln led the country through the Civil War, he is most known as being responsible for the abolishing of slavery through the Emancipation Proclamation, thus giving him the nickname of â€Å"The Great Emancipator.† Technically speaking, the Emancipation Declaration did not actually abolish slavery in itself, rather it led to the 13th Amendment, which did end slavery in January of 1865. At brief glance, the Emancipation Proclamation’s sole purposeRead MoreAbraham Lincoln: Great Emancipator or Common Politician?1487 Words   |  6 PagesPresident Abraham Lincoln has been revered as one of the greatest presidents in the history of the United States. He is known for his great effect on slavery and served his terms during the civil war in a time of great controversy. The American Civil War (1860-1865) occurred at the exact time of Lincolns presidency (1861-1865). The North and the South were divided and a big issue was slavery, on which Lincoln took an anti-slavery stance. Lincoln has been called many things because of his views fromRead MoreO Lincoln s Reputation As The Great Emancipator1900 Words   |  8 Pageso Lincoln s reputation as the great emancipator rests largely on his emancipation proclamation, an executive order which went into effect on January 1st, 1863. This order ostensibly freed all the slaves in territory currently rebelling against the United States, i.e. in areas where the US government had no authority to free slaves. This is rather like the United States announcing that, from here on out, North Korea would be ruled by Lady Gaga. Sure, it s a great idea, but it s not really yourRead More Abraham Lincoln and Slavery Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Lincoln and Slavery Many Americans believe that Abraham Lincoln was the â€Å"Great Emancipator,† the sole individual who ended slavery, and the man who epitomizes freedom. In his brief presidential term, Lincoln dealt with an unstable nation, with the South seceding from the country and in brink of leaving permanently. The differing ideologies between the North and South about the economy and slavery quickly lead to civil war. It was now the duty of Lincoln to maintain the unityRead MoreThe Myth Of Abraham Lincoln1291 Words   |  6 PagesLincoln was a man of many talents that helped form the myths we know today and that most of those myths are well justified. With Lincoln being a man solidified into history and mythology, have the myths overshadowed the facts that truly made his life historically worthy or is it that within every myth lies an element of fact? The myths about Abraham Lincoln are ones of much debate leaving some to say that they accurately depict what Lincoln was and some see them as an embellishment of the truthRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln1456 Words   |  6 Pagesthe same today if Abraham Lincoln was never assassinated on the unfortunate night of April 14, 1865. His killer, John Wilkes Booth, had a strong resent for the Union that subsequently caused a dramatic shift in history. This hatred was caused by many factors, such as his background and where he grew up, his lust for power and fame, and his mental illn ess. John Wilkes Booth, a master assassinator and conspirator, hoped to strengthen the confederacy by killing Abraham Lincoln. However, this murder createdRead MoreAbraham Lincoln : Vampire Hunter971 Words   |  4 PagesAbraham Lincoln is an American President who hasn’t been overlooked in the decades following his death. His character still lives on today as he resonates through popular American culture. Many books and movies have been produced about his life to show the role he played in our history and the impact he had on our country. The most recent film, Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter, captivated audience’s attention with a riveting tale about our sixteenth president hunting vampires. The film contains some

Zoe’s Tale PART I Chapter Seven Free Essays

Here’s what I did when my dad took me down to Phoenix: I visited my own grave. Clearly, this needs an explanation. I was born and lived the first four years of my life on Phoenix. We will write a custom essay sample on Zoe’s Tale PART I Chapter Seven or any similar topic only for you Order Now Near where I lived, there is a cemetery. In that cemetery is a headstone, and on that headstone are three names: Cheryl Boutin, Charles Boutin and Zoe Boutin. My mother’s name is there because she is actually buried there; I remember being there for her funeral and seeing her shroud put into the ground. My father’s name is there because for many years people believed his body was there. It’s not. His body lies on a planet named Arist, where he and I lived for a time with the Obin. There is a body buried here, though, one that looks like my father and has the same genes as he does. How it got there is a really complicated story. My name is there because before my father and I lived on Arist, he thought for a time that I had been killed in the attack on Covell, the space station he and I had lived on. There was no body, obviously, because I was still alive; my father just didn’t know it. He had my name and dates carved into the headstone before he was told I was still around. And so there you have it: three names, two bodies, one grave. The only place where my biological family exists, in any form, anywhere in the universe. In one sense, I’m an orphan, and profoundly so: My mother and father were only children, and their parents were dead before I was born. It’s possible I have second cousins twice removed somewhere on Phoenix, but I’ve never met them and wouldn’t know what to say to them even if they existed. Really, what do you say? â€Å"Hi, we share about four percent of our genetic makeup, let’s be friends†? The fact is, I’m the last of my line, the last member of the Boutin family, unless and until I decide to start having babies. Now, there’s a thought. I’m going to table it for now. In one sense I was an orphan. But in another sense†¦ Well. First, my dad was standing behind me, watching me as I was kneeling down to look at the headstone my name was on. I don’t know how it is with other adoptees, but I can say that there never was a time with John and Jane that I didn’t feel cherished and loved and theirs. Even when I was going through that early puberty phase where I think I said â€Å"I hate you† and â€Å"Just leave me alone† six times daily and ten times on Sunday. I would have abandoned me at the bus stop, that’s for sure. John told me that back when he lived on Earth, he had a son, and his son had a boy, Adam, who would have been just about my age, which technically made me an aunt. I thought that was pretty neat. Going from having no family on the one hand to being someone’s aunt on the other is a fun trick. I told that to Dad; he said â€Å"you contain multitudes,† and then walked around with a smile for hours. I finally got him to explain it to me. That Walt Whitman, he knew what he was talking about. Second, there were Hickory and Dickory to the side of me, twitching and trembling with emotional energy, because they were at the gravesite of my father, even if my father wasn’t buried there, and never was. It didn’t matter. They were worked up because of what it represented. Through my father, I guess you could say I was adopted by the Obin, too, although my relationship to them wasn’t exactly like being someone’s daughter, or their aunt. It was a little closer to being their goddess. A goddess for an entire race of people. Or, I don’t know. Maybe something that sounds less egotistical: patron saint, or racial icon or mascot or something. It was hard to put into words; it was hard to even wrap my brain around most days. It’s not like I was put on a throne; most goddesses I know about don’t have homework and have to pick up dog poop. If this is what being an icon is all about, on a day-today basis it’s not terribly exciting. But then I think about the fact that Hickory and Dickory live with me and have spent their lives with me because their government made it a demand of my government when the two of them signed a peace pact. I am actually a treaty condition between two intelligent races of creatures. What do you do with that sort of fact? Well, I tried to use it once: When I was younger I tried to argue with Jane that I should be able to stay up late one night because I had special status under treaty law. I thought that was pretty clever. Her response was to haul out the entire thousand-page treaty – I didn’t even know we had a physical copy – and invite me to find the part of the treaty that said I always got to have my way. I stomped over to Hickory and Dickory and demanded they tell Mom to let me do what I wanted; Hickory told me they would have to file a request to their government for guidance, and it would take several days, by which time I would already have to be in bed. It was my first exposure to the tyranny of bureaucracy. What I do know that it means is that I belong to the Obin. Even at that moment in front of the grave, Hickory and Dickory were recording it into their consciousness machines, the machines my father made for them. They would be stored and sent to all the other Obin. Every other Obin would stand here with me, as I knelt at my grave and the grave of my parents, tracing their names and mine with my finger. I belong. I belong to John and Jane; I belong to Hickory and Dickory and every Obin. And yet for all that, for all the connection I feel – for all the connection I have – there are times when I feel alone, and I have the sensation of drifting and not connecting at all. Maybe that’s just what you do when you’re this age; you have your stretches of alienation. Maybe to find yourself you’ve got to feel like you’re unplugged. Maybe everyone goes through this. What I knew, though, there at the grave, my grave, was that I was having one of those moments. I had been here before, to this grave. First when my mother was buried, and then, a few years later, when Jane brought me here to say good-bye to both my mother and father. All the people who know me have gone away, I said to her. All of my people are gone. And then she came over to me and asked me to live with her and John, in a new place. Asked me to let her and John be my new people. I touched the jade elephant at my neck and smiled, thinking of Jane. Who am I? Who are my people? Who do I belong to? Questions with easy answers and no answers. I belong to my family and to the Obin and sometimes to no one at all. I am a daughter and goddess and girl who sometimes just doesn’t know who she is or what she wants. My brain rattles around my head with this stuff and gives me a headache. I wish I were alone here. I’m glad John’s with me. I want to see my new friend Gretchen and make sarcastic comments until we burst out laughing. I want to go to my stateroom on the Magellan, turn off the light, hug my dog, and cry. I want to leave this stupid cemetery. I don’t ever want to leave it because I know I’m never coming back to it. This is my last time with my people, the ones who are already gone. Sometimes I don’t know if my life is complicated, or if it’s that I just think too much about things. I knelt at the grave, thought some more, and tried to find a way to say a last good-bye to my mother and father and to keep them with me, to stay and to go, to be the daughter and goddess and girl who doesn’t know what she wants, all at once, and to belong to everyone and keep myself. It took a while. How to cite Zoe’s Tale PART I Chapter Seven, Essay examples

Biohazards of Sewage Sludge free essay sample

Wastewater can come from a variety of sources like homes, businesses, Industries, runoff from roads, lawns and fields and is treated by municipal wastewater treatment facilities (Product, Cornell). The solid material that remains after the treatment of wastewater is known as sludge (char, Cornell). Sludge can be employed in many different ways, it can be used as a soil additive or growing medium, sent to a composting facility, Incinerated or landfills (Char, Cornell).Bossily are derived primarily from a combination of primary, secondary, and tertiary sewage sludge. Bossily do not contain the coarse grit and screenings moved from raw wastewater during preliminary treatment steps or ash generated from incineration of sewage sludge. Another type of bossily may be derived from domestic seepage, the solid or liquid material removed from septic systems, portable toilets, and other systems that receive only domestic sewage.However, since all sludge and bobsleds contain potentially harmful contaminants, beneficial uses must be balanced against acceptable risks for human health and environmental Impacts (Beneficial, Cornell) The terms sludge and bloodies are In some cases universally Interchangeable, while In some cases there are minor discrepancies between the two definitions. Thus for the sake of this paper we will treat the two definitions as equal and interchangeable.While In most cases, the composition of the received wastewater Is uncontrollable, the makeup of the resultant sludge must be known in order to determine its suitability for various uses (Prod, Cornell). When evaluating the composition of sludge, its physical and chemical properties must be considered. Questions that should be asked are: How much water and solid matter does it contain?How many different metals and nutrients does It have and how much of each? What potentially toxic organic chemicals are contained in the sludge? What pathogen reduction process was used? (Char, Cornell). Typically, sludge contains 1-7% solid material and 93-99% water. (char, Cornell). Proper sludge treatment and management are necessary to ensure public and environmental health and safety (char, Cornell).The pH of sludge ranges from 4 to 12, and this value can have an affect on the movement of heavy metals, the corrosiveness of the sludge and the survival of the pathogens It contains Many people, including agricultural scientists and environmentalists are concerned hat land application of sludge will result in an increase of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites, chemicals and metals In drinking water reservoirs, aquifers and the food chain (beneficial, Cornell).While the potential risks may seem to be high In the applications of sludge, the degree of risk depends directly on the initial sludge quality, the way sludge are processed and how the sludge are managed during General Overview: Modes of Transport from Field to Human There are numerous pathways by which humans can come into contact with bossily or bossily-derived contaminants.These incl ude direct contact or accidental ingestion, inhalation of bossily-derived aerosols or dust, ingestion of water (surface waters and groundwater), and consumption of crops grown in bossily-amended soils or of animals that have fed on crops grown in such soils. In addition, a variety of vectors can transmit pathogens (flies, mosquito, fleas, rodents, or other animals than can transport the disease either mechanically or by biological processes) from bossily to humans or intermediate hosts. In order to cause infection, pathogens must gain entrance to the body of the host. Microorganisms cannot penetrate normal, undamaged skin but can pass through mucous membranes, which thus form the most common portals of entry (Siderite, 1988). These occur at the alimentary, respiratory and igniter-urinary tracts (Silversmith, 1998). Additional routes of entry are via abrasions or small openings in the skin where local infections such as boils may occur, via wounds from which infection may spread throughout the body by means if the circulatory system, or via animal or insect bites (Siderite, 1988).These various routes or pathways of contact can result in either acute or chronic disease if the exposure is high enough. For pathogens, the primary concern is acute diseases of a short-term duration (I. . , gastroenteritis or flu-like symptoms), while for the various potential chemical contaminants, risks are derived from chronic exposure via ingestion. Pathogens that may be present in bossily applied to land pose a disease risk only if there are routes of exposure that deliver an infective dose. The principal means of exposure is through ingestion or inhalation.Absorption through the skin is considered to be a minor route of exposure unless a field worker suffers a cut or other puncture to the skin and is exposed. The degree of harm caused by bacterial toxins varies with the mode of entry into the body. It seems there is a correlation between the amount of bossily applied and frequency of contamination. A 1984 study showed that 22. OMG/ha applied to Sassafras sandy loam soil was the upper limit to ensure that groundwater was not contaminated (Higgins, 1984). Doses below 22. MGM/ha of land are acceptable for the provision of nutrients to plants, while anything above diminished the water quality to below American federal standards (Higgins, 1984). Heavy metals and chloroforms remained low throughout the experiment, which is also backed by research from health Canada showing that heavy metals and chloroforms detected in groundwater are t concentrations lower than ones of concern (Healthcare, 2000? ). When bossily are applied to the land, pathogens that may be present in the indirectly by vectors.Virus transport from soil to plants has been suggested as a possible route of exposure, but no definitive research has shown this to occur (Straus et al. 1993). Planting restrictions are applied on bossily-amended fields to ensure that contamination of plants is minimized until die-off of any residual pathogens have occurred and risks are reduced. Potential bacterial and viral pathogens carried by animals that could be contracted y humans include tuberculosis, salmonella, listener, comparable, retrovirus, and taxonomists.More than 50 animals can carry Circumscription. Rats and mice in particular are vectors for serious limitlessness example, rodents may drink treated wastewater containing Salmonella from a local waterway, and the Salmonella could be transferred to chickens that eat rodent droppings incidentally, which then transfer the pathogen to humans through eggs (Kinder et al. 1996). Inanimate objects (such as crops, soil, equipment, and the shoes or clothing of workers) may be intimidated with infectious organisms that can be transported from sites of bossily application.Restricting the harvesting of crops until natural die-off of remaining pathogens occurs, combined with good sanitary practices and management practices for on-farm workers and bossily transporters, has played a key role in minimizing the transport of pa thogens offset. Vectors are agents capable of transmitting a pathogen from one organism to another. Vectors can achieve this mechanically (simple transport by animals or insects such as flies) or biologically by playing a role in the life cycle of the pathogen (rodents).The rotational vectors are insects, particularly flies, but other vectors can include farm workers or bossily workers who become ill and infect their families. Grazing animals can also be vectors. Parasite eggs from domestic animals have been demonstrated to have the ability to be transported by flies to grazing land and infecting livestock (Eastern Research Group 1992). Control of vectors has been an important element in the development of the Part 503 regulations (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 1995, Eastern Research Group 1992), which include treatment and management practices that prevent conditions that attract vectors. Worker protection, good sanitation, and documentation of medical histories and sickness in workers families can play an important role in preventing disease transmission should it occur. Aerial dispersion of bacterial diseases such as tuberculosis, electrolysis, and legionnaires disease have been documented (Saab et al. 1982, al-Galahad and al- Aziza 1988, Bigness 1999, and Resin et al. 1997). Monitoring studies are limited, but studies indicate there is less risk associated with bossily land application (unless it is a liquid spray operation) than with spray irrigation of wastewater which has not en disinfected.Studies of wastewater aerosol formation over a period of years showed little impact on air quality (Barren and Kabukis 1980). Studies in Texas showed that bacterial levels were highest around the sludge mixing and loading facilities where agitation occurred and showed that normal heterocyclic bacteria caliphates (Pillar et al. 1996) Pathogenic Clamatorial were detected where physical agitation occurred. Measurements of bacteria in the air downwind of bossily processing or application sites is limited (Pillar et al. 996) and the data collected shows the presence of high embers of bacteria when there is mixing or dispersal (like a manure spreader), but the risk of an infectious dose of a pathogenic bacterial species in an outdoor area appears to be negligible (Pillar et al. 1996). There have only been a few reported cases of bossily-related illnesses as a result of airborne transmittal of pathogens See espadrilles discussions in this chapter). Most of these incidences are related to Nor in confined spaces such as sludge dewatering facilities, composting facilities Clark et al. 983, Milliner et al. 1980), or processing facilities and not related to the rainspout, unloading or application of bossily. En bossily are applied to the land surface, the particulates in bossily typically combine with soil material to form a filter mat so that primarily, soluble and colloidal particles enter the soil. Larger organisms such as protozoans and helpline eggs are retained in the upper soil layers, while virus particles and small bacteria can be transported through the soil to groundwater.The mechanisms of pathogen removal In soil are primarily filtration (affects bacteria) and adsorption (for viruses). Coarse sands and soils with gravel lenses are those most conducive to pathogen rainspout to groundwater (Koala 1985, Wooziness et al. 1998). Most other soils, particularly fingered soils, are effective at removing both bacteria and viruses. Large amounts of water must be filtered to obtain a measurable amount of viruses in groundwater. Generally, this means that it would be extremely hard to obtain an Infectious dose due to the large amounts of water that would have to be consumed.